?s??`???А??l

1. ??????

????A?W?A???????t???[?N?E?C???_?X?g???[????????????????????A?t?B???s????????????????S?????e?n??????v???W?F?N?g???i?s???????B????v???W?F?N?g????????????????A?t?B???s???E???\?????k???A?J?K?????B??y?j?A?u?????J(Penablanca)???D???n??U????铴???Q?????1??A???g?D?E???g?D?????o?y????Q???A1982?N7?A8???A1983?N8?C9????v4???????????āA????????????D????蕪?????@???^????????A??????????????????????B

2. ?y?j?A?u?????J?E?v???W?F?N?g?i?}1?A2?j

?t?H???E?P?[?j?q?X?????g???J?K?????k?J??J?o???????I????????????(Koenigswalt 1985)?A?t?B???s??????????????1970?N?????????A?k?J??????y???????u??n?т?A????l??????????????????s????悤???????B????v???W?F?N?g????68??????I?[?v???T?C?g??????????A???@??????\?????????r???????s???????(Fox and Peralta 1974)?B

?J?K??????????y?j?A?u?????J??т?L????J???I??D???n(Callao Limestone formation)??l??w?I??????1976?N????n??????B???z????????????????78??????A43???A????20??I?[?v???T?C?g??????????????B???????????@???????s??????9???????A1??????I?[?v???T?C?g?????B?o?y?????I??A???А??A?y??A?????E?x?g?i???E?^?C???????A????A?S?????????A?K???X?r?[?Y?A?d????H????A?l???A???????A?L?k???A?????????????B??????????????āA?????T??o???????邪?A5?????????????????????????o????????B

3. ?y?j?A?u?????J????R???

?J?K???????3???????R?X???痬??o?鐅???W???k?????A?A?p?????V?i?C????????B??????`???????????~?n???k250km?A????50km??y??B?y?j?A?u?????J??J?K????????????????k??A???V?G???E?}?h???R????????u????B?}?j??????k??500km?A?J?K?????B??B?s?g?D?Q?K???I???瓌??10km??????????B????n????C??????m??J?G????G??????????A10??????11????????????J???????A4??????5??????????????????????B?N????C??27.7???i1??24.5???A5??30.5???j?A?N??~?J??2,500mm?????B???V?[?Y??????{???????7??????10?????????????B????????s?i?J?i???????V?G???E?}?h???R?????????A????????J?K??????????????B?y?j?A?u?????J?t???????????n???`?????????iWasson and Cochrane 1979)?B

?y?j?A?u?????J??X?y?C?????u??????v????????A????????????k?????????D???n???????????????┧???????????B?????D????n??V?G???E?}?h???R?????????J?K?????B??????C?U?x???B?k????y??????B?s?i?J?i???????y?j?A?u?????J??????D???n???k??2?????邩??????????????B

?????D???n??A?????????2???т????B?????????R?E?????????????????????B??????????????E?????t??i?D??l??????邪?A???????????????????B??????????A?J?K???????L???g?J?Q????????H?p?????????B?s?i?J?i????????n?[?E?t?i???????e???s?A?E??G?r????????A??????鋙????????????B????^?j?V???W???H?p????????B

4. ???g?D?E???g?D????????@

???g?D?E???g?D??????s?i?J?i????????????D?????f?????R???J???????????A?C??75m?A?C???35m????????u????B?J????????O???????}?X??????????????????????B????Ζ????????????A???????J???????M??????B???????????A??藧???D???┧????????}?Ζ?????????悤???B???邱????????B??????J??????e???X?????????邪?A?????????4m???????????B?????????????????邪?A??????????J??????????邱????????B???????炳??????3?????????邪?A????????????

??????????B

?{????????@??????A1978?N9???????1?N??????A?t?B???s?????????????A?e?l?I?E?f?E?}?j????w???s????(Barbosa 1979, Dalupan 1981)?B???@??2X2m??O???b?h??A6?????s???A?????15?u?A?[????40cm????1?5m?????B???@???@??10cm?????@?艺???A?S?_?h?b?g?????ň╨???L?^???????i?}3?j?B?o?y????y??ЁA???Q??S????A??????K???X?r?[?Y?????????????o?y???????i?\1?j?B???????A?L???j??????????A??????????s?????????B???????????????āA???A???A???A?R?E?????A??????A???A????????m?F????????B?L????26??????J?^?c?????A?W???Y????^???L??2??A?C?Y??2???L??2??m?F????????B??w????????o?y???????A????q???r???????????????A?????肪???????A??????q??????\?????傫???B

??\??????F????D???iSQ108?j????o????????B???I????????ЁA?L????ēy?E?D????????o?????B?y?w?w????F???E???y????????w???????邪?A?O???b?h???w??????????????????B??????A?╨??o?y?????A?y??????????w???2?????w?A???????y??????????w???1?????w????????B??????????w??N????????A??1?????w??10?000BP?`6?000BP?A??2?????w???????????????i200BC?`1?000AD?j??z?肳??????C14?N????????????????????B

5. ???Q?????

???g?D?E???g?D????????Q??1??????o?y?????????X?N?E?F?A?[3?f?A???i?\2?j?B?H??icobble tool)?A??j?A??M?A????A?n???}?[?X?g?[?????????????\?????????s???????????A?o?y????????????B???Q??????\??????????ЁA???А??A?`?b?v?????B???????????Q?????A?X?N?E?F?A?[3????А??????āA?Z?p?I?A?@?\?I??????s?????B?i?}4?j

1?j??????@

???g?D?E???g?D?????o?y????А??Q???A????A?W?A?????????А??Q????L??s??`?????????????A?????Z?p?????ē????`?????グ?????????????A?Z?p?I?????????????????B???????????R????u???v??o????��?????????????????????????B

???А???o????��??A????n????z?肳???????_???[?W????āA?}?C?N???t???[?L???O???c???????邱??A?????????????????A???z?n?????g?p??K??????邩???????????_????????????s???A???????????????u???v??o?????B??????????o???????А???A????????A???A?????A?d???A??p?A?n?p??????????v???????i?}6?j?B???E???E??????l???v???????B??p?A?n?p??v?????S?j?I???[?^?[ ???g?p?????B

?n?`???????A?_???[?W??y????????????āA???n?istraight)?A??n?iconvex)?A???n?iconcave)?A??/??n(straight/convex)?A??/???n?istraight/concave)?A??n?ipointed)??e?`??????????B

?n?????????_???[?W?i?}?C?N???t???[?L???O?j??????x?????????āA???A???A??islight,moderate?Cheavy)??3?i?K???????]???????B?_???[?W???@???A30?{?????????p?????B

????L???A????????????āA????A2?????H??L???????????????āA???????@???s?????B

2?j???????

????652?_???????????A?`???[?g?????А??116?_?A???R?????А??69?_?????o?????B?`???[?g?????А?????n??????147?A1?_????????????n??????????А???`???[?g??31?_?A???R???13?_?????B

?`. ?Z?p?I???????

???А???T?C?Y?????āA?}5?y??\7?A8?A9??v???n????v???????????}5??h?b?g?}??????C????h?u???[?h?iblade)"??v????1??????A??????????2?{??????郉?C??????????????????B??????C????????????????????????????C???????B????????h?b?g???????А???c??????邪?????h?b?g?????????????????B?`???[?g?A???R????????А???A?h?u???[?h?iblade)"??v???????????????????B?`???[?g?????А????A?c??????????????????????B???R?????А??????????????????⑽???X????????B??????L?k??Ёiconcoidal flake)????R?????А?????ɑ?????????B???????????????????А???T?C?Y??A?^?e?E???R?????5cm??????????鏬?^?????????B

?????@????A1?j???????????A2?j???????H??????A3?j???????????????????邱?????????B1?j????????????`???[?g?????А???29?_?A???R?????А???2?_?F?????B??????????А??????????A2?????H?????}?I??o???u???????F???????????B??f???\?????l?????邪?A??????????Д???????????????iblakeage of striking platform)??l??????B?????@???锍?Д???????A???????????????????????邱????????j???[?J?}?[?iNewcomer 1971)???????????B2?j??????H????c?????А???????A????????v??????????B???R?????А???????A?`???[?g?????А????????H????????????i?\3?j?B????A?`???[?g?????А????????A???????????????????B???????A???????????????P????????ō\??????????B???????????????????A???8?_?i?`???[?g?????А??7?_?A???R?????А??1?_?j????????B?????`???????????????????????????A???Д????????A???????????s??????????????l??????B

???I???c??????A?`???[?g?????А?????R?????А??ň?????A???x????????????l????邪?iRonquillo 1981:Table 1.p.12)?A??????????A????????????W???????悤??v????B???R??????????????L?x?????????B?`???[?g????????n??A?{????????2km???k???????B?`???[?g????I???????A????????n?????劄?iprimary modification)???????????A???????????????Д??????s?????\?????l??????B

??p???????}???????i?}7?j?B????}?????????????????炸?A90?x?`120?x??????????p???W?????????B?????p?????????Д?????A?????@????????l?????????B??????A???Д???????????s???????B??????????????n???}?[?X?g?[?????钼???????????????B????A????????W????F?`???[?g???C?R??W????j??????B??????????`???[?g38?_?A??????????????????????22?_?A?c???16?_???p??94?x?`128?x????????B???j??????18?_????????????????7?_??A11?_???p??111?x?`129?x????????B????????????????A???g?D?E???g?D????????Д?????????@??????s????????l??????B

2?????H???{???????А???`???[?g?????А???8?_???????i?}11?j?B2?????H????????A?Ж??????}?p?x??{????????B2?????H???{?????????S??n???????g?p????????B?????`?????邽???2?????H??????A?n????o??????2?????H??l??????B

2?????H?????p?????????????A?????????2?????H???}?p?x??????A??????2?????H?iinvasive retouch)?????????????A???Q??|?C???g??i????E??K?j????????????R?????v????B?|?C???g???2?????H?????āA?`???????????????\????@?\??????????????????l?????邩??????B

2?????H??g?p????_???[?W??A??????????????A?M???A?傫??????????????B???????A2?????H???_???[?W???A?A?????E?T?C?Y??K???????????????B?????傫????????????????A????A2?????H??????????`??????锍????傫??????W??????????????K?v??????B

?Z?p?I?`????????????A?o?y?w??????ω????F????邩????????????????A?????T?C?Y?A??????A??p?A2?????H?????????A?o?y???x???????????Z?p?I??ω???F???????????B???????A????悤??????I??Z?p????????????Q?ɑ???āA?Z?p?`????????T?O???K?p??????????A?????N?????ɑ???????l????????Q??Z?p?`?????A????I?ω????????????l???邱????????B

?a. ?@?\?I???????

???Q??@?\?????邽??A3??????(?n?p?A?n?`?A?_???[?W)????????????s?????B

1) 3???????????

(a) ?n?p?i?\4)

?\4??????A?`???[?g?????А????A30?x?`69?x????n?p???????o???p?x???????????B????A???R?????А????A20?x?`49?x??n?p???s?[?N??????????B50?x????n?p??????n???????????????R?????А???????????B?`???[?g?????А???n?p????z??o???c?L??????A?s?p????}?p?x???????A???????z????????????????z???????B?M???s??????P????????A???R?????А???A???■????????K??????????A?b??A???b?A??A?|??????A???????A??薧?????????`???[?g?????А???????K????????B?????e?E????????A????\??????K?肵?????????l???邱????????B?Z?~???[?m?t(Semenov 1964)??E?C?????Z???iWilmsen 1968)???????画?f?????A50?x?????n?p??y?????(light duty)??A50?x????n?p??d???iheavy duty)??K?p?????????l??????B

(b) ?n?`(?\5)

?n?`????āA???n?istraight)?A??n?iconvex)?A???n?iconcave)?A???n/??n?istraight/convex)?A??/???n?istraight/concave)?A??n?ipointed)?A??5???????????B??n??????A?????q????悤??A??????K??????@?\??????????????A?????????\????????????1?_???o?????B

?\5???A???n?A??n???????????????????o???p?x???????B???n??`???[?g?????А??ɑ????A???R?????А????????????????B?O?[???h?iGould et al 1969)??A???n???????H?iwood working)??K???A???n?A??n?????????ibutchering)??K????????????w?E?????????B

(c)?_???[?W(?\6)

?n???_???[?W?????????A?`???[?g?????А?????R?????А?????????????????????B?`???[?g?????А????????x??_???[?W?imoderate)??????????ɑ??????R?????А????????x??_???[?W?islight)?????????B????x??_???[?W?iheavy)???`???[?g?????А???????????o???p?x???????????B???????????A?_???[?W??????????????????f????????B??????????????e?????????????l?????A????????????`???[?g?????А???A?y????d???ilight to heavy duty)??A?e?????????R?????А???y?????ilight duty)??K?p?????????????v????B

???3?????????????????邱??????āA?`???[?g?????А?????R?????А??????????????????A???????????????炩???????B?k????`???[?g?????А?????L????????p?????邪?A?e?????R?????А??????悪?????A???u??v????y??????p??????????z?肳???B

????A?W?A??t???[?N?E?C???_?X?g???[?????āA?n???_???[?W??????????????????????s??????邪?iGorman 1971a,b, Peterson 1974a,b, Hutterer 1974. Ronqnillo 1981, Thiel 1980)?A????炪????????????????A???А???????H?iwood working)???^????????????????B???g?D?E???g?D????????Q??A?|?C???g????????A???H??i2???I????j????????i????????А??ō\??????????悤???B????A?W?A????Q???????A????A?????????????铹??i1???I????j????邽?????????H?????????i?????B???g?D?E???g?D????????Q?????H?????????J?e?S???[?????A????????p?r??g?p?????????l???邱????????B???????????l?????āA???????A???g?D?E???g?D????????Q??@?\?????āA?????e??傫????N?g?????āA?u?????icutting)?v??u?????iwhittling)?v??z?肷?????????B

??????????????A3??????????т????X????\?????邱?????????B?????A1?j???n?istraight)???50?x?????n?p??????x??_???[?W?islight)?A2?j??n?iconvex)???50?x?????n?p??????x??_???[?W???邢??????x??_???[?W?imoderate)???A?????āA3?j???n?iconcave)???50?x????n?p?????x??_???[?W?iheavy)??????т???X?????M??????B???????悤?????????????т????????@?\????т????\????????B?u?????icutting)?v??1?j?y??2?j??A?u?????iwhittling)?v??3?j????т????\????????B????????т????X??????????K????邢?????l????āA????A????????????т??????????????Q??@?\?I??g????炩???????????B

2?j2??????????W

(a) ?n?p?w?n?`?i?}8?j

?}8??n?p??10?x?????????A???????n?p???A???n?`????т???????????O???t???????????????B?`???[?g?????А???}???????A??n?iconvex)??3????2??50?x?????n?p??????????邱?????????B????A???n?istraight)??3????2??50?x????n?p??????B??????n?iconcave)??2????1??50?x????????????B???R?????А???O???t???A???n????????B?????????n???n??A50?x?????n?p?????B???R?????А?????A2??????????т????X????u????l?v????v??????????邪?`???[?g??????A???n??3????2??50?x????n?p?????????A????????n??2????1??50?x???????邱???u????l?v????????????B

(b) ?n?p?w?_???[?W

?}9??O???t??????A?`???[?g?????А?????A?????x??_???[?W?islight?j??????x??_???[?W?imoderate)??3????2??A50?x????n?p??????B???????x??_???[?W?iheavy)??3????2??A50?x????n?p????????????????B???R?????А???????????x??_???[?W?islight)??????x??_???[?W?imoderate)???唼??A???????50?x?????n?p??????B??????????R?????А??????A?u????l?v????????邪?A?`???[?g?????А???????2???_???[?W??x?????????????A3????1???u????l?v???????????B

(c) ?n?`?w?_???[?W?i?}10?j

?}10???A?`???[?g?????А?????A???n?istraight?j?A??n?iconvex)???A?????x??_???[?W?islight)?y?сA?????x??_???[?W?imoderate)????т???????B???n?iconcave)??????x??_???[?W?A????x??_???[?W?iheavy?j????т???X???????B???R?????А???O???t???????A???n?A??n???????x??_???[?W????т????????唼??A?????x??_???[?W?A????x??_???[?W?????т?????A?????????B???肱????????R?????А???u????l?v??????A?`???[?g?????А?????????x??_???[?W??2????1?????n?A??n????т???????_???A?u????l?v????????????B

2?????????????????O???t???番???邱???A???R?????А??????A?u????l?v???????????ɑ???āA?`???[?g?????А???????蕡?G??l?????????????????????????B????_???@?\?I?????????A???R?????А?????u?????icutting)?v???S??p???????ɑ???āA?`???[?g?????А???u?????icutting)?v????u?????iwhittling)?v?????L???p??????????l??????B

3?j3????????????W?i?\10?j

???x??3???????????????ɑ???????āA????瑮??????т????X????????Q?S???@?\?I?g?????l???????B

???А???o?y??}?i?}4?j????2?????Q?iassemblage)??o?????B?}?C?i?X100cm????}?C?i?X119cm????????Q?a?????B2?????Q?????n?p?A?n?`?A?_???[?W??g???????\????????i?\10?j?B??????Q?`???A?`???[?g?????А??A???R?????А????????n?istraight)?A??n?iconvex)??????x??_???[?W?islight)?A?????x??_???[?W?imoderate?j?????т?????????B????A???n?iconcave)???????????B????X????u????l?v??悭??v???A???Q?S???@?\????āu?????icutting)?v?????I????????????l??????B

???Q?a??A???R?????А???????I???????B?`???[?g?????А???A50?x?????n?p???A??n??????x??_???[?W????n??????x??_???[?W????????????B50?x????n?p???A???n??????x??_???[?W????n?????x??_???[?W?iheavy)????????????B??????u????l?v?????????????A50?x?????n?p????n?????x??_???[?W?A??????50?x????n?p??A???n??????x??_???[?W?????B???????A???n??n?????V???J?O???X?isilica gloss)??t??????????????B??????n?`???r??????A?V???J?O???X????n??????I????邱???????B?n????c??V???J?O???X??`?????????A?J?~???K???????????iKamminga 1977)?B???Y?n???V???J?????A????????C?l??A???A?^?P?A???????l??????B?C?l??A????????\??????????A?Y???āE???????????o????????????A???m??????B?^?P???????A?W?A?ōL???A??????????p????????B????悤??A???????????H??????????痘?p??????????\?????????B

?u????l?v???A???n?A??n??u?????icutting)?v???^???????????l????????A???Q?a???u????l?v????????邱????n?`???A?u?????icutting)?v??u?????iwhittling)?v????????A???????^????????????m??????B??????A????_??\?????邽???A1?????????n??????????А???A?n????g????????????????????????B??????????n????n??g????????????A?????n?????n??g????????50?x????n?p??????????邱??????????B??????????A?????A???????А??????镡????n?????A???????ɑ???ē?????p?????????肷???A???n?A?????ē?n????????u?????iwhittling)?v???^????????????l???邱????????B

??????????A???Q?a??S?????āu?????iwhittling)?v???^?????????d???傫???????\???????B

?U. ?s??`???А???V?X?e??

???g?D?E???g?D????????Q?????āA?Z?p??@?\?????镪???????????B???????A?Z?p?I??????P????A?@?\?I?????H?????????????悤??A?像?N???????????Q????i??????????????????????B???????????E????O?i???邽???A??????s?蔍?А????????A?g?p?E?p???????????????l?????????B

1)???m??

?`???[?g?????A????{????????5km???????2??????????m???????B????A???R?????????ō?悳???????l?????A?e???????\?????B?????A?????????????????????A????????????????????A?`???[?g?????A??I????A?????????????????????B??????????R??????L????`???[?g??????A???R??????u????v??x?????????????????l??????B

2)??j????

???А??????c???????I?????????C?????????????F?????B?`???[?g?????А???????A???I????????c?????????B?????A?`???[?g????I?????}?I??????āA???`?????s?????????l??????B???????A??j?????????I??????s???????A????????????????M??????B?????????????????????А???8?_????A????K?i??????????????邽????????????????s??????????l????????B????A???R????j??`???[?g??ǒ??????s???A????????????A???I??????邱?????A???Д??????s????????????v????B

3)???Д???

??p?i90?x?`120?x?j??X??????l???āA???Д?????????@????????v????B????????L??????(1cm?{?|?j???A?????@????????????B???????A?n???}?[??d??????????m??????B?????@?????Д??????A?n???}?[?X?g?[??????A?\?t?g?n???}?[?i???p???j????A???????????????????????邩??????B

?`???[?g?????А???????????A?????????{??????????j??A????????????????Д??????s????A????????????????????\?????????B????s??????P??????????????????????B????A185?_?????????????????????A??????????????????O????ЁA?`?b?v?A??j????????A???????????????m???????????????B

4)???В????i2?????H?j

2?????H???钲?????????l?????锍?А???A?`???[?g?????А???8?_?????B?????2?????H???I??n???????o???????A????`??????o????????????l????????B????????o???オ?????n????A???n(concave)5?_?A??n(convex)2?_?A???n(straight)1?_?????B?n?p??46?x?`81?x??A?}?p?x??X?????????B?_???[?W?????????A????????x??_???[?W(heavy)???????A??????iwhittling)?v??????n??????o?????}??????????B2?????H????????????А?????????????????B????命??????Д?????`????????g?p????????B??????????2?????H???A?n????o??????????āA????????????????F?肵?????A????`?????邽???2?????H??????B????Z?@?????邱????Q???????A??????l??w?????????????i??????????????????B????Z?p??P?????A????s??`????A?????Z?p?I???i????????????????????B

5)????I??

??????l??w??A???I??w??????????????????A???????炳??????Z?@??p???āA????`???????????????????????A??A??Z?p????????ō??o???????????????B??????A????`?????????????????A?????1?`?I?????????F??????????B??????????c?_???????鐢?E???????????????Z?@??A????????`??????グ?????????????B?????l??w????E???A?Z?p???`???????????????Z?p??l???邱????????B

????A?{?????o?y????Q??A????`????????????????A???????????t????d????????????????????????B????Z?@????????x?U?????????A?????@?????āA?????????{????????Д??????s???????B??????_???A???????????????????g?p??????????????A???R???????????????????邾????A??????2?????H????????????邽???A??I?I???? (?u?????N?j??????????????????H??????B?????āA2?????H???d?v??Z?@?????p???????????????A??????????????????āA????`????????????????????????}????????????????????B????????????Z?p??A??????????????????А???????????(???A???A???d?A?n?p?A?n?`)???A???Д?????????肵???????B??????A?????2?????H?????āA???????????t??????????????????????B?????A????????А???A?????????_??A???E?????????????????????B????????????????Q??????琻?????邢??g?p????A????????K?????A??????????????????I??????????āA???????????t??????????????l??????B

6)????g?p?E?p??

?????????A????????????I??q??邱??????鎑?????????B??????????????????l??????????????????_???????????B

???????????Q?????H??????????????????B???А???A????????g?????l?????A????S??????????????????A????????????????????B????????????(?H??A?@????A????A??M???j????W???????????????????B?????????A???А?????????H???????o?????A?????O??????i?A?????A?????A?p???A?L???j???d?v?????B???H??????????g?p???l?????A???H????????H???????m??A??????A????A???????????W???d?v???????????????B?????A???I???????????H???g?p???l???鎞???A????A???????R????ɑ???铭?????????????????????????B?p???????g?p??\??????A???????A?????p????????A?????????????A????H??????????z???A???v?f???W???d?v??_????????v????B

7. ??????

???g?D?E???g?D????????Q??Z?p?I?E?@?\?I????????????āA?????????炩??????B

?P. ?{???Q??A???H??i??I????j????????i???��????????B???Q????????@???邱???A?t?B???s???????S????????X??????邪?A???????????I?????A???O??????i??A?|?A???A??????j?????????????z??????B

?Q. ?o?y?w??????Q?????Q??A?@?\?I????????邱???炩??????B????????Q?`??u?????icutting?j?v??A???Q?a??u?????iwhittling)?v???^??????邱????\???????B

?R. ?s??`???А????????p?????????v???Z?X??\?????A?????????W?]?????????B????v???Z?X?????A?s??`???А???傫???????l????????A?????E?g?p???????Q???????A????????K?????A?????n?p?E?n?`?E?T?C?Y??????????I?????邱??????āA????????????????????s?????????_?????B

?????c??????????āA??????А???@?\????茵??????肷?邱????K?v?????B???????A?g?p???????}?C?N???t???[?L???O?????グ?A?g?p???????s???A????????╨??c??}?C?N???t???[?L???O????r????????B????A???????H?????????i????????А???A????H???????z?肳???L?@??????W????????v????B?A?????????H????⑶?????????B?????????U?w?I???????H???????????n??????B

??????p????v???Z?X?????A?u????I???v??T?O?????@?\?????l?????邪????????????o????B????T?O???\????@?\?????邽????A???`?Z?@??????Q?????H????????p??????????????A????A????O?????Q???A??????????I????????????????A???????????]?n???c????????B

????i?P???I????j??z??????|?C???g????A???Q???????@??????邱???A?Q?????H?????p????????????????????f???????B???????A????A?W?A??????????n??i?W???????A?X???E?F?V???j???A?|?C???g????o?y???????B????A?????????A???А???????`???????????悤???W??????????A??r????????\??????B

???:????_????A??I??l????????瓮?I??l??s????????J??????????????????q?搶????w?????????????A?C?m?_??????????B??q??w?A?W?A???????????m???搶???A????????E?????S???????āA???????????x???E??w???????????B????A?╨?????A???т?{?_??????\?ɑ???A??????????????^????????????t?B???s?????????????G?o???Q???X?^?i?`.Evangelista?j??????A?y?????^?i?i.Peralta?j???A???????????????w??????????????????L???I?i?v.Ronquillo) ?????????????B????A???g?D?E???g?D????????@?S????????A?o???{?b?T?i?`.Barbosa?j?????т?{???g?b?N?i?m.Bondoc?j?????l?X????w?E?????????????B???????????āA??????w???????????N??B???A??????w?l??w?????????????l?????A????????????????????????B?G?[????w??N???X???i?i.Kress?j???A????S?_?????????????????B????????L??????????\???????B

??

(1)Rabel Cave(Ronquillo 1981), Laurente Cave(Henson 1978,1980), Aruku Cave and Musang Cave(Thiel 1980),Lattu-Lattuc Cave(Dalupan 1981)???Q??B

(2)10?000?a?E?o?`6?000?a?E?o??A???????????A?t?B???s???ň?????y???o?y???????鎞????A?????O????A?????????iUpper Plaeolithic?j????????????????l?????????iPeralta 1981:5)?B

(3)????A?W?A???A?I??????hPebble Tool?h????????邪?A?t?B???s?????A?n???w???p????`?iPebble??2?`64mm?ACobble??64?`256mm?j??????????A??????A?hCobble Tool?h????????iDictionary of Geological Terms 1976)?B

(4)?^???w?iTypology?j?I??????????????????????B??????????????A?????А????????A?@?\????????A?v???[?`???????????iHutterer 1974?CPerter-son 1974a,b?CGorman 1971a,b)?B?j???[?M?j?A?????????A?z???C?g???铯?l??????????(White 1969,1972)?B

(5)?g?p??????B?g?p??????`???????n???????c?????????????B?????????(Striation?j?▁???iAbration?j????m?F???????????B?}?C?N???t???[?L???O???????????ATringham et al 1974?COdell and Odell 1980?C???q??1981?A????1982???Q??????B

(6)??????????????????\?????l????K?v?????邪?A?╨???????????悤????^????А??????????????????????????????A??????????????{?I??g?p?`??????z?肵???B

(7)?n?p??Production edge angle???v???????B(????1982?}2)?B?n?p??n?????????????????A?n?????????????????A???[???????O?????n?p???v??A????l???o?????B?n???f????p????????????A?L?????o?[?E???\?b?h??p????v??????(????1982?}3)?B

(8)?A?E?v???I????]?????s?????B?\??A?`???[?g????R???????p????????????A?????????????H??????A?_???[?W??c?肩???????????B?????????\????l??????]?????s?????B?}?C?N???t???[?L???O??c????????āA???v???J???????s???A?╨????r?????āA?@?\?y?щ??H????????肪???????????B

(9)????悤??l?????A???R?????A??????劄??(primary flaking)???邱?????A????????????????Д??????s???????l?????邪?A?u???v??O???????j???????s??????????????A???m??f?????邱?????????B???????A?????????R?????А??????????A????????????????????I????????邱?????A???Д??????s??????????\?????????A??????R????l????K?v??????B????????邱???A???R?????А??????A?????????????A?s?????v??n??????????`???[?g?????А???????????A???u????v??????????\????????????????????B

(10)????H??_???[?W?????傫??????????????A?N???X(Kress n.d.)???s?????p?????????????????A????????????????q??????B?????????????s???K?v??????B

(11)?n??m(1977)??A??E?H?E?Z????{?I??K?v?????????????????u???I????(primary tool)?v?A???????邽????????u??I????(secondary tool)?v???????????BBinford??????A?O????gextractive tool?h?????gmaintenance tool?h???????????l??????(Binford and Binford 1966)?B

(12)?V???J?O???X??t?????????А???A?`???[????(?C???h?l?V?A)??A?O???[?o?[?????????????Q?ɑ????????B??????A?y??????????o?y???????A?Y???????k??????????????????A?C?l??????p??g?p???????????????????(Glover 1971)?B

??????^

American Geological Instltute

1976 Dictionary of Geological Terms.

Barbosa, A.

1979 A Preliminary Archaeological Report on the Lattu-Lattuc Cave, Northern Luzon. Typescript, National Museum of the Philippines.

Binford, S. and Binford, L.

1966 A Preliminary Analysis of Functional Valiability in the Mousterian of Levallois Facies. American Anthropologist 63(2:2): 238-95.

Dalupan, M.

1981 The Prehistoric Occupation of Lattu-Lattuc Cave;the Evidence of Ceramics. Unpuclished M.A. thesis, Ateneo de Manila University.

Fox,R.and Peralta,J.

1974 Preliminary Report on the palaeolithic Archaeology of Cagayan Valley, Philippines and Cabalwanian Industry. in Proceedings of the First

Regional Senior on Southeast Asian Prehistory and Archaeology : 100-147. National Museum of the philippines.

Glover, I.

1971 Prehistoric Research in Timor. in Mulveney and Golson(eds) Aboriginal Man and Environment inAustralia:158-181.

Gorman, C.

1971a Prehistoric Research in Nothern Thailand: a Cultural Chronological Sequence. Unpublished Ph. D dissertation University of Hawaii

1971b The Hoabinian and After ; Subsistence Patterns in Southeast Asian during the Late Pleistocene and Early Recent Periods. World

Archaeology 2: 300-320.

Gould, R. A. Koster, D. A. and Sontz, A. H.

1971 The Lithic Assemblage of the Western Desert Aborigines of Australia. American Antiquity 36(2): 149-169.

Henson, F.

1978 The Flaked Tool Industry at Laurente Cave. Unpublished M.A. thesis University of Philippines.

Kammiinga, J.

1979 The Nature of Use-Polish and Abrasive Smoothing on Stone Tools. in Hayden, B(ed) Lithic Use-Wear Analysis:143-157. New York: Academic Press.

Koenigswalt, Von.

1958 Prelinary Report of a Newly Discovered Stone Age Culture from Northern Luzon, Philippines Islands.Asian Perspectives 2(2): 69-70.

Kress, J.H.

n.d. A Typological Analysis of the Late Palaeoloithic of Palawan Island, the Philippines. Papier Presente?f a l?fActe du IX e Congres des

Sciences Prehistoriques et Protohistoriques.

Newcomer, M.H.

1971 Some Quantitative Experiments in Handaxe Manufacture. World Archaeology 3(1): 85-94.

Odell, G.H. and Odell-Vereecken, F.

1980 Veryfying the Reliability of Lithic Use-Wear Assesments by?f Blind Test?f: the Low-Power Approach. Journal of Field Archaeology7: 87-

120.

Peralta, J.

1981 The Philippine Lithic Tradition. Anthropological Paper No 8, National Museum of the Philippines.

Peterson, W.

1974a Summary Report of Two Archaeological Sites from North-Eastern Luzon. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 9: 26-35

1974b Anomalous Archaeological Site of Northern Luzon and Models of Southeast Asian Prehistory. Unpublished Ph. D dissertaion University

of Hawaii.

Ronquillo, W.

1981 The Technological and Functional Analysis of the Lithic Flake Tools from Rabel Cave, Northern Luzon, Philippines. Anthropol;ogical Paper No13 Natiional Museum of the Philippines.

Semenov, S. A

1964 Prehistoric Technology. Harper and Row Publishers.

Thiel, B.

1980 Subsistence Change and Continuity in Southeast Asian Prehistory. Unpublished Ph. D dissertion Thesis University of Illinois.

Tringham, R.,G. Cooper, G.Odell,B.Voytek and A. Whitman

1974 Experomentation in the Formation of Edge Damage: A New Approach to Lithic Analysis. Journal of Field Archaeology 1: 171-196.

Wasson, R.J. and Cochrane, R.M.

1979 Geological and Geomrphological Perspectives on Archaeological Sites in the Cagayan Valley, Northern Luzon, the Philippines. Modern

Quarternary Research in Southeast Asia 5: 1-26.

White, J.P.

1969 Typologies for Some Prehistoric Flaked Artifacts of the Australian and New Guinean Highlands. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 4:18-46

1972 What mean these stones? Ethno-taxonomic models and archaeological interpretations in the New Guinea Highlands. in Clarke, D.(ed) Models in Archaeology: 275-308 Methuen and CO LTD, London.

Wilmsen, E

1968 Functional Analysis of Flaked Stone Artifacts. American Antiquity 33(1): 156-161.

???q???@??

1981 ?u?}?C?N???t???C?L???O??????I?????[???k??w?g?p???`?[?????錤????????v?w?l??w?G???x??66????4??: 1-27.

?????@??

1982 ?u?G?b?W?_???[?W??`????????????I?????v?w???????n??l??w?x2: 66-98.

?n??@?m

1977 ?u?????N????q?g???v?w??w?x48(4): 221-234.